Dendrite axon synapse picture8/7/2023 ![]() The end of the axon splits into many branches or nerve terminals. Each neuron can have many dendrites but only a single axon signals are usually received by the dendrites, passed through the soma, and sent down the axon. Projecting from the some to the left is the axon, a long fiber that will communicate with other neurons. The name comes from the Greek word déndron for “tree” reflecting their tree-like shape and branches. (Recall that soma is from the Greek for “body, which is how we got the term somatic nervous system.) The soma branches off into multiple dendrites that are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons. Here you can see the cell body or soma on the right. Neurons have a unique structure that helps them do this. Neurons are present everywhere in the nervous system-the brain, spinal cord, and periphery nerves or nerve fibers are all made up of axons of the neurons. In the previous chapter, we mentioned that nerve fibers emanate from nerve cells called neurons or brain cells, which are responsible for generating and carrying electric signals throughout your body. Neurons, more than any other cell in our body, must keep the inside of the neuron different from the outside and control the movement of substances across the membrane.ģ.1.1. To survive, cells must take in nutrients from outside the cell while removing waste that builds up inside itself. The interior of the cell contains a number of different organelles, including mitochondria that produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ribosomes where proteins are produced, and lysosomes that contain proteins capable of breaking down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. The membrane is important because it allows the cell to control what comes in and what goes out. Each cell has a nucleus that contains genetic data and is surrounded by a cell membrane. Distinguish between white matter and grey matter.Īll tissues and organs in your body are made up of cells.Explain the concept and importance of saltatory conduction.Describe glial and Schwann cells and explain their role in the formation of the myelin sheath.Describe the parts of a typical neuron and their function, including the soma, dendrites, axons, and axon terminals.Describe the structure and function of the neuron and its support cell.Conducting Electrical Signals: The Action Potential Some basic knowledge of biology and chemistry is required to understand this chapter so it may help to review if you feel rusty. We will examine the different properties of this signal as well as study how signals jump from one cell to the next. Here, we will examine the types of cells found in the nervous system and how an individual nerve cell conducts a signal. ![]() Understanding how cells in the nervous system work is the first step toward comprehending why various drugs cause different psychoactive effects. This might seem less important than understanding large structures in the brain, but drugs affect the body on the cellular level. Now that you have a sense of the nervous system, it is time to examine the individual cells that comprise the nervous system. ![]()
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